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PARENT'S  ASSISTMTfe, 


MOTHER'S  CATECHISM; 

CONTAINING      * 

COMMON   THINGS,  . 

NECESSARY    TO   BE    KNOWN    BY   CHILDREN 
AT   AN  EARLY   AGE. 


EMBELLISHED    WITH 

MEW  AND  BEAUTIFUL  ENGRAVINGS. 

EDITED   BY 


■--■-Z' 


'iHliP1 

'    I! 


~S.BABCOCK| 


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THE 

PARENT'S  ASSISTANT, 

OR 

MOTHER'S  CATECHISM; 

CONTAINING 

COMMON    THINGS, 

NECESSARY  TO  BE 

KNOWN  BY  CHILDREN  AT  AN  EARLY  AGE. 
EDITED    BY  THOMAS  TELLER.  "* 


srvZ: 


in  villi 


NEW  HAVEN. 
PUBLISHED  BY  S.  BABCOCK. 


is 


^ 


PREFACE 


In  presenting  a  new  and  enlarged  edition  of  this  little  manual,  the 
Editor  conceives  he  is  rendering  an  acceptable  service  to  parents  and 
children.  The  utility  of  a  Catechism  of  this  nature  must  be  obvious  to 
every  parent,  and  no  one  will  question  the  propriety  of  its  publication. 
The  Editor  will  therefore  merely  subjoin  the  following  extracts  from  the 
preface  of  the  original  author  : — 

"  Every  parent  and  instructor  of  youth  must  have  had  occasion  to  la- 
ment the  want  of  such  a  depository  of  common  facts,  about  which  chil- 
dren are  always  curious,  but  to  which  they  have  hitherto  had  no  easy 
means  of  access.  The  author  found  no  little  difficulty  in  steering  be 
tween  what  mh?ht  be  thought  too  trifling  or  too  complex  :  he  has,  how 
ever,  submitted  the  whole  to  the  test  of  the  capacity  of  various  children 
between  the  ages  of  five  and  seven,  and  has  found  that  all  of  them  were 
alive  to  his  topics,  and  amused  and  instructed  by  his  details  and  expla- 
nations. 

"  A  series  of  engravings  has  been  subjoined,  representing  those  acci- 
dents and  dangerous  practices  to  which  children  are  liable  from  inexpe- 
rience and  want  of  caution,  and  which  often  create  such  an  unavailing 
affliction  to  parents  and  families." 


ENTERED, 

According  to  the  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1 844, 

BY    S.    BABCOCK, 

In  the  office  of  the  Clerk  of  the  District  Court  of  Connecticut. 


>> 


THE 


MOTHER'S  CATECHISM. 


LESSON  I. 

Question. — Will  you  let  me  hear  you  count  twelve  ? 

Answer. — I  will. 

I.        One             1 

V.       Five            5 

IX.     Nine 

9 

II.       Two            2 

VI.     Six              6 

X.       Ten 

10 

III.     Three          3 

VII.    Seven          7 

XI.     Eleven 

11 

IV.     Four           4 

VIII.  Eicrht             8 

XII.    Twelve 

12 

Q.  How  many  days  are  there  in  a  week? 

A.  Seven. 

Q.  What  are  the 

'ir  names  1 

A.  Sunday,  Monday,   Tuesday,  Wednesday,    Thursday, 
Friday,  and  Saturday. 

Q,.  How  many  months  are  there  in  a  year? 
A.  Twelve  : — January,    February,    March,  April,  May, 
June,  July,  August,  September,  October,  November,  and 
December. 

Q.  How  many  days  are  there  in  the  respective  months? 
A.     Thirty  days  hath  September, 
April,  June,  and  November; 
February  hath  twenty-eight  alone, 
And  all  the  rest  have  thirty-one. 

*T  Q,.  How  many  days  are  there  in  a  year? 
_  A.  Three  hundred  and  sixty-five.  (365.) 
r  Q,.  How  many  seasons  are  there  in  a  year? 


MOTHER    S    CATECHISM. 


A.  Four :  Spring,  Summer,  Autumn,  or  Fall,  and  Winter. 

Q.  When  does  Spring  commence  and  end? 

A.  Spring  commences  at  the  end  of  Winter,  in  March, 
and  continues  till  June. 

Q.  When  does  Summer  commence  and  end1? 

A.  Summer  begins  in  June  and  ends  in  September,  when 
the  days  shorten  and  the  weather  begins  to  grow  cold. 

Q,.  When  does  Autumn,  or  Fall,  commence  and  end? 

A.  Autumn  commences  in  September,  when  the  corn  ia 
ripe  and  harvest  takes  place,  and  ends  in  December. 

Q,.  When  does  Winter  commence  and  end? 

A.  Winter  commences  in  December  and  ends  in  March; 
when  it  is  succeeded  by  Spring  and  warm  weather. 


LESSON  II. 

Q.  When  is  the  grand  festival  of  the  birth  of  Christ, 
called  Christmas  Day? 

A.  The  twenty-fifth  day  of  December. 

Q,.  When  is  Easter  Sunday  ? 

A.  The  first  Sunday  which  follows  the  first  full  moon 
after  the  twenty-first  day  of  March  ? 

Q,.  When  is  Whit-Sunday? 

A.  The  seventh  Sunday  after  Easter.  • 

Q,.  When  does  the  year  begin;  or  when  is  it  New  Year's 
Day? 

A.  On  the  first  day  of  January. 

Q.  Which  is  the  last  day  of  the  year? 

A.  The  thirty -first  or  last  day  of  December. 

Q.  Which  is  the  longest  day  in  the  year? 

A.  The  twenty-first  day  of  June. 


m 


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I 


mother's  catechism 


Q,.  Which  is  the  shortest  day  in  the  year  ? 
A.  The  twenty-first  day  of  December. 
Q.  When  is  the  Anniversary  of  American  Independence, 
commonly  called  Independence  Day?  J' . 

A.  The  fourth  day  of  July.  A^h 

*4   '  Cl 


[WASHINGTON.] 

Q,.  When  is  the  anniversary  of  the  birth  day  of  General 
George  Washington? 

A.  The  twenty-second  day  of  February. 

Q,.  In  what  year  was  he  born,  and  when  did  he  die  ? 

A.  He  was  born  in  the  year  1732,  and  died  in  1799. 


LESSON  III. 


Q.  What  are  the  divisions,  or  parts  of  a  day  % 

A.  Morning,  noon,  afternoon,  evening,  and  night. 

Q.  What  is  the  morning? 

A.  The  morning  is  that  portion  of  the  twenty -four  hours 


8 


mother's  catechism. 


between  twelve  o'clock  in  the  night  and  twelve  o'clock  in 
the  day. 

Q.  "What  is  noon  1 

A.  Noon  is  that  time  of  the  day  when  the  sun  has  risen 
to  the  highest,  and  is  directly  south.  At  this  time  it  is  ex- 
actly twelve  o'clock. 

Q,.  What  is  afternoon  1 

A.  Afternoon  is  when  the  sun  begins  to  decline,  which  it 
does  immediately  after  twelve  o'clock. 

Q,.  What  is  evening  ? 

A.  Evening  is  that  period  a  little  before  and  after  sun-set. 

Q.  What  is  night] 

A.  Night  is  that  qeriod  of  darkness  occasioned  by  the  ab- 
sence of  the  sun.  When  the  sun  rises,  the  day  begins ;  when 
it  sets,  the  night  commences. 

Q,.  How  many  hours  are  there  in  a  day  ? 

A.  Twenty-four,  which  are  divided  by  the  clock  into 
twice  twelve. 

Q.  How  are  the  hours  divided? 

A.  Into  sixty  minutes;  also  into  halves  and  quarters  of 
hours, — thirty  minutes  being  half  an  hour,  and  fifteen  min- 
utes being  quarter  of  an  hour. 

Q.  How  do  you  tell  the  time  of  day, 
or  what  o'clock  it  is  ? 

A.  By  looking  first  to  the  short 
hand,  or  pointer,  for  the  hour,  and 
then  to  the  long  one  for  the  quarters 
and  minutes.  - .. 

Q.  How  do  you  tell  the  hour  ? 

A.  By  the  numbers  painted  on  the 
face  of  the  clock,  or  watch,  as 


[WATCH.} 


I 
II 


or  1 — for  one  o'clock, 
or  2 — for  two  o'clock. 


III  or  3 — for  three  o'clock. 

IV  or  4 — for  four  o'clock. 


MOTHER    S    CATECHISM 


9 


V 
VI 


or  5 — for  five  o'clock, 
or  6 — for  six  o'clock. 


VII  or  7-r-for  seven  o'clock. 

VIII  or  8— -for  eight  o'clock. 


IX  or    9 — for  nine  o'clock. 

X  or  10 — for  ten  o'clock. 

XI  or  11 — for  eleven  o'clock. 

XII  or  12 — for  twelve  o'clock. 
Q.  How  do  you  distinguish  the  minutes'? 

A.  There  are  sixty  minutes  in  one  hour,  and  the  minute 
hand  goes  completely  round  the  clock  while  the  hour  hand 
is  moving  over  the  6pace  between  the  numbers  I,  II,  III,  &c. 

Q.  How  long,  then,  is  the  minute-hand  passing  between 
each  of  these  numbers  ? 

A.  Five  minutes,  or  the  twelfth  part  of  an  hour. 

Q.  How  are  the  quarters  distinguished? 

A.  When  the  minute  hand  stands  at  III,  it  signifies  a  quar 
ter  of  an  hour;  when  at  VI,  half  an  hour;  and  when  at  IX, 
three  quarters  of  an  hour. 


LESSON  IV. 


Q.  You  have  counted  twelve;  now  how  do  you  count 
from  twelve  to  twenty  ? 


A.  Thirteen  13  Sixteen  16  Nineteen 

Fourteen  14  Seventeen  17  Twenty 

Fifteen  15  Eighteen  18 

Q. How  do  you  count  from  twenty  to  forty? 

A.  Twenty-one     21 1  Twenty-eight     281  Thirty-five 
Twenty-two     22 1  Twenty-nine      29  j  Thirty-six 


Twenty-three  23 
Twenty-four  24 
Twenty-five  25 
Twenty-six  26 
Twenty-seven  27 


Thirty 

Thirty-one 

Thirty-two 

Thirty-three 

Thirty-four 


30 
31 
32 
33 
34 


Thirty-seven 
Thirty-eight 
Thirty-nine 
Forty 


19 

20 


35 

36 
37 
38 
39 
40 


10 


MOTHERS    CATECHISM. 


Q.  How  do  you 

count  from  forty  ? 

A.  Forty-one 

41 

Fifty- one 

51 

Sixty-one 

61 

Forty-two 

42 

Fifty-two 

52 

Sixtv-twjh 

62 

Forty-three 

43 

Fifty-three 

53 

Sixty-three 

63 

Forty-four 

44  Fifty-four 

54 

Sixty-four 

64 

Forty-five 

45;  Fifty-five 

55 

Sixty-five 

65 

Forty -six 

46  Fifty-six 

56 

Sixty -six 

66 

Forty-seven 

47,  Fifty-seven 

57  Sixty-seven 

67 

Forty-eight 

48 

Fifty-eight 

58 

Sixty-eight 

68 

Forty-nine 

49 

Fifty -nine 

59 

Sixty-nine 

69 

Fifty 

50 

Sixty 

60 

Seventy 

70 

Q.  How  do  you 

count  from  seventy 

? 

A.  Seventy-one 

71 

Eighty-one 

81 

Ninety-one 

91 

Seventy-two 

72 

Eighty-two 

82 

Ninety-two 

92 

Seventy-three 

73 

Eighty-three 

83 

Ninety-three 

93 

Seventy-four 

74 

Eighty -four 

84 

Ninety-four 

94 

Seventy -five 

75 

Eighty-five 

85 

Ninety-five 

95 

Seventy-six 

76 

Eighty-six 

86 

Ninety-six 

96 

Seventy-sever 

i  77 

Eighty-seven 

87 

Ninety-seven 

97 

Seventy-eight 

78 

Eighty-eight 

88 

Ninety-eight 

98 

Seventy-nine 

79 

Eighty-nine 

89 

Ninety-nine 

99 

Eighty 

80 

Ninety 

90 

One  hundred 

100 

Q.  How  do  you  count  from  one  hundred  to  two  hundred  ? 


A.  One  hundred  and  one     101 

One  hundred  and  two     102 

One  hundred  and  three  103 
Q.  What  is  a  thousand  ? 
A.  A  thousand  is  ten  hundred. 
Q.  "What  is  a  million? 
A.  A  million  is  ten  hundred  thousands,  or  a  thousand 
thousands.     (1,000,000.) 
Q.  What  is  a  billion? 
A.  Ten  hundred  thousand  millions ;  or  a  million  millions. 


One  hundred  and  four  104 
One  hundred  and  five  105 
One  hundred  and  six,106&c. 

(1,000.) 


mother's  catechism 


11 


LESSON  V. 


Let  me  hear  you  multiply  by  two. 
Twice    1    are    2     Twice    5    are    10 
Twice    2    are    4     Twice    6    are    12 
Twice    3    are    6     Twice    7    are    14 
Twice    4   are    8     Twice    8   are    16 

Let  me  hear  you  multiply  by  three. 
3  times  1  are  3  3  times  5  are  15 
3  times  2  are  6  3  times  6  are  18 
3  times    3  are    9     3  times    7  are    21 

3  times    4  are  12     3  times    8  are    24 
Let  me  hear  you  multiply  by  four. 

4  times  1  are  4  4  times  5  are  20 
4  times  2  are  8  4  times  6  are  24 
4  times    3  are  12     4  times    7  are    28 

4  times    4  are  16     4  times    8  are    32 
Let  me  hear  you  multiply  by  five. 

5  times  1  are  5  5  times  5  are  25 
5  times  2  are  10  5  times  6  are  30 
5  times    3  are  15     5  times    7  are    35 

5  times    4  are  20     5  times    8  are    40 
Let  me  hear  you  multiply  by  six. 

6  times  1  are  6  6  times  5  are  30 
6  times  2  are  12  6  times  6  are  36 
6  times    3  are  18     6  times    7  are    42 

6  times    4  are  24     6  times    8  are    48 
Let  me  hear  you  multiply  by  seven. 

7  times  1  are  7  7  times  5  are  35 
7  times  2  are  14  7  times  G  are  42 
7  times  3  are  21  7  times  7  are  49 
7  times    4  are  28     7  times    8  are    56 


Twice    9    are  18 

Twice  10    are  20 

Twice  11    are  22 

Twice  12    are  24 

3  times    9  are  27 

3  times  10  are  30 

3  times  11  aie  33 

3  times  12  are  36 

4  times  9  are  36 
4  times  10  are  40 
4  times  11  are  44 

4  times  12  are  48 

5  times  9  are  45 
5  times  10  are  50 
5  times  11  are  55 

5  times  12  are  60 

6  times  9  are  54 
6  times  10  are  60 
6  times  11   are  66 

6  times  12  are  72 

7  times  9  are  63 
7  times  10  are  70 
7  times  11  are  77 
7  times  12  are  84 


12                                   MOTHERS    CATECHISM. 

Now  try  and  see  if  you  can  multiply 
8  times    1  are    8     8  times    5  are    40 

by  eight. 
8  times    9  are    72 

8  times    2  are  16 

8  times    6  are    48 

8  times  10  are    80 

8  times    3  are  24 

8  times    7  are    56 

8  times  1 1  are    88 

8  times    4  are  32 

8  times    8  are    64 

8  times  12  are    96 

Very  well ;  now 
9  times    1  are    9 

let  me  hear  you  multiply  by  nine. 

9  times    5  are    45     9  times    9  are    81 

9  times    2  are  18 

9  times    6  are    54 

9  times  10   are    90 

9  times    3  are  21 

9  times    7  are    63 

9  times  11  are    99 

9  times    4  are  36 

9  times    8  are    72 

9  times  12  are  108 

Let  me  hear  yoi 
10  times  1  are  10 

i  multiply  by  ten. 
10  times  5  are    50 

10  times    9  are    90 

10  times  2  are  20 

10  times  6  are    60 

10  times  10  are  100 

10  times  3  are  30 

10  times  7  are    70 

10  times  11  are  110 

10  times  4  are  40 

10  times  8  are    80 

10  times  12  are  120 

Let  me  hear  yoi 
11  times  1  are  11 

i  multiply  by  eleven. 
11  times  5  are    55 

1 1  times    9  are    99 

11  times  2  are  22 

11  times  6  are    66 

11  times  10  are  110 

11  times  3  are  33 

11  times  7  are    77 

11  times  11  are  121 

11  times  4  are  44 

11  times  8  are    88 

11  times  12  are  132 

Now  let  me  heai 
12  times  1  are  12 

:  you  multiply  by  twelve. 
12  times  5  are    60     12  times    9  are  108 

12  times  2  are  24 

12  times  6  are    72 

12  times  10  are  120 

12  times  3  are  36 

12  times  7  are    84 

12  times  11  are  132 

12  times  4  are  48 

12  times  8  are    96 

12  times  12  are  144 

LESSON  VI. 


Q.  How  many  points  of  the  compass  are  there? 
A.  Four  :  North,  South,  East,  and  West  ? 
Q.  Which  is  the  North  ? 


mother's  catechism.  13 

A.  That  part  of  the  heavens  and  the  earth  which  is  oppo- 
site to  the  sun  at  twelve  o'clock. 

Q,.  Which  is  South? 

A.  The  South  is  that  part  in  which  the  sun  is  seen  at 
twelve  o'clock.     The  North  and  South  are  opposite. 

Q,.  Which  is  the  East? 

A.  The  East  is  that  part  in  which  the  sun  rises.  The  sun 
is  always  eastward  during  the  morning. 

Q.  Which  is  west  ? 

A.  The  West  is  that  part  of  the  sky  where  the  sun  sets. 
The  sun  is  always  going  westwardly  after  twelve  o'clock. 

Q.  What  is  the  sun  ? 

A.  An  immense  globe  of  light,  as  much  larger  than  the 
earth,  or  world  on  which  we  live,  as  a  house  is  larger  than 
an  orange.  Without  the  sun  there  would  be  neither  light, 
nor  warmth,  nor  life. 

Q.  What  is  the  world  in  which  we  live  ? 

A.  The  world  is  an  immense  ball,  or  globe,  of  land  and 
water,  moving  round  the  sun  once  a  year,  and  turning  round 
like  a  wheel  once  in  a  day,  or  twenty-four  hours. 

Q.  Is  the  earth  round? 

A.  It  is  round,  like  an  orange,  and  the  roughness  of  the 
rind  of  an  orange  is  somewhat  similar  to  the  hills  and  valleys 
on  the  surface  of  the  earth.  More  than  two-thirds  of  the 
surface  of  the  earth  is  covered  with  water. 

Q.  How  large  is  the  earth  ? 

A.  It  is  eight  thousand  (8,000)  miles  in  diameter,  and 
twenty-five  thousand  (25,000)  miles  in  circumference. 

Q.  What  do  you  mean  by  the  diameter  of  the  earth? 

A.  An  imaginary  line  passing  from  one  side  to  the  other, 
directly  through  the  center  of  the  earth. 

Q.  What  is  meant  by  the  circuviference  of  the  earth  1 

A.  A  line  passing  entirely  around  the  earth. 


14 


mother's  catechism 


LESSON  VII. 


Q.  What  is  beefl 

A.  The  flesh  of  dead  oxen  and  cows. 

Q.  What  is  mutton  ? 

A.  The  flesh  of  dead  sheep. 

Q.  What  is  veal? 

A.  The  flesh  of  dead  calves. 

Q,.  What  is  pork] 

A.  The  flesh  of  dead  hogs. 

Q,  What  is  ham? 

A.  The  salted,  smoked  and  dried  thighs  of 
large  hogs. 

Q.  What  is  bacon] 

A.  The  salted,  smoked  and  dried  flesh  of  pigs. 

Q.  What  is  venison] 

A.  The  flesh  of  deer. 

Q.  What  is  rice? 

A.  Rice  is  the  seed,  or  berry,  of  a  plant 
of  the  same  name,  which  grows  in  wet 
swampy  lands,  on  a  stalk  resembling  oats. 

Q.  Is  it  much  used  as  an  article  of  food? 

A.  Yes  ;  it  is  the  chief  food  of  the  Hin- 
doos and  Chinese,  and  is  much  used  in  all 
parts  of  the  world.  It  is  said  to  be  more 
nutricious  than  any  other  grain.    *" 


[ham.] 


(rick.] 


Q.  In  what  parts  of  the  world  is  rice  cultivated? 

A.  In  China,  in  the  East  and  West  India  Islands,  in  South 
America,  and  in  the  southern  states  of  North  America,  par- 
ticularly in  North  and  South  Carolina  and  Georgia. 

Q.  What  is  wheat,  and  how  is  it  used  ? 

A.  Wheat  is  the  seed,   or  berry  of  a  plant  of  the  same 


15 


MOTHER    S    CATECHISM. 


17 


name,  which  being  ground  into  flour  is  made  into  bread,  and, 
next  to  rice,  is  the  grain  most  generally  used  for  food. 

Q.  What  is  barley,  and  how  is  it  used  ? 

A.  Barley  is  also  a  species  of  grain,  which  is  made  into 
malt,  and  then  brewed  with  hops  into  ale,  beer,  and  porter. 


[barley.]  [wheat.]    [oats.] 

Q.  What  is  the  use  of  oats  ? 

A.  Oats  are  excellent  food  for  horses  and  cattle,  and  when 
ground  into  meal  become  a  valuable  article  of  food  for  man, 
which  is  much  used  in  Scotland. 

Q.  Is  there  any  wheat,  barley,  or  oats,  raised  in  the  United 
States? 

A.  Yes,  in  almost  every  part;  but  most  abundantly  in 
the  middle  and  western  states. 


18  mother's  catechism. 


Q.  Are  there  any  other  species  of  grain  raised  in  the 
United  States? 

A.  Yes,  several ;  the  principal  of  which  are  rye,  maize, 
or  Indian  corn,  and  buckwheat. 


LESSON  VIII. 

Q.  "What  is  the  name  of  the  place  in  which  you  live? 

A.  N — ,  or  M — .  (Here  let  the  child  be  taught  the  name 
of  the  city  or  village  in  which  he  lives.) 

Q.  Which  are  the  nearest  places  to  this  in  which  you  live? 

A.  N — ,  or  M — .  Here  the  names,  and  distances  in  miles, 
of  the  three  or  four  nearest  places  should  be  mentioned.) 

Q.  "What  country,  or  nation,  do  you  belong  to? 

A.  To  America. 

Q,.  What  is  America  1 

A.  America  is  one  of  the  four  quarters  of  the  globe. 

Q.  In  what  part  of  America  do  you  live  ? 

A.  In  the  United  States. 

Q.  What  state  is  this  in  which  you  live  ? 

A.  N — ,  or  M — .  (Here  let  the  child  be  taught  the  name 
of  the  state  in  wh  ich  he  resides.) 

Q.  Which  is  the  capital  of  this  state  ? 

A.  N — ,  or  M — .  (Here  let  the  child  be  taught  the  name 
of  the  capital  of  the  state  in  which  he  resides.) 

Q.  In  what  county,  (or  district,)  do  you  reside  ? 

A.  N — ,  or  M — .  (Here  let  the  child  be  taught  the  name 
of  the  county,  or  district,  in  which  he  resides.) 

Q.  Which  is  the  chief  town  in  this  county,  (or  district  ?) 

A.  N — ,  or  M — .  (Here  let  the  child  be  taught  the  name  of 
the  county  town  m  the  county,  or  district,  in  which  he  resides.) 


MOTHER'S    CATECHISM.  19 


Q.  How  is  America  divided? 

A.  Into  North  and  South  America. 

Q,.  How  is  North  America  divided? 

A.  Into  Upper  and  Lower  Canada,  New  Brunswick, 
Nova  Scotia,  and  the  United  States. 

Q.  Which  is  the  largest  city  in  the  United  States? 

A.  New  York,  which  is  also  the  largest  in  America. 

Q.  Which  is  the  largest  city  in  Canada? 

A.  Quebec,  in  Lower  Canada. 

Q.  Which  is  the  capital,  or  seat  of  government,  of  the 
United  States  ? 

A.  Washington  City,  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Q.  How  far  is  it  from  this  place  to  Washington  City? 

A.  (Here  let  the  child  be  taught  the  distance,  in  milcs,from 
the  place  where  he  resides  to  Washington  City.) 

Q,.  Are  there  any  other  countries  in  the  world  besides 
those  of  North  and  South  America  ? 

A.  Yes,  many;  the  whole  world  is  supposed  to  contain 
about  one  thousand  millions  of  inhabitants.  Of  these,  the 
United  States  contain  above  twenty  millions. 

Q.  How  is  the  world  divided? 

A.  Into  four  parts,  called  quarters,  and  named — Europe, 
Asia,  Africa,  and  America.^  

Q.  For  what  is  the  quarter  called  Europe  distinguished  I 

A.  For  the  cultivation  of  its  soil,  the  civilization  and  re- 
finement of  its  inhabitants,  and  for  their  improvement  in 
science,  arts  and  laws. 

Q.  For  what  is  the  quarter  called  Asia,  distinguished? 

A.  As  being  the  part  of  the  world  where  Adam  and  Eve, 
our  first  parents,  were  placed,  and  where  most  of  the  events 
happened  which  we  read  about  in  the  Bible. 

Q.  What  can  you  tell  me  about  the  quarter  called  Africa  ? 

A.  Africa  has  always  been  in  a-state  of  barbarism,  except 


20  mother's  catechism. 

Egypt,  where  learning  and  arts  were  studied ;  and  Carthage, 
which  was  once  one  of  the  famous  cities  of  the  world. 

Q.  For  what  is  the  quarter  called  America,  distinguished  ? 

A.  America  is  remarkable  for  the  number,  the  size,  and 
the  grandeur  of  its  mountains,  lakes,  and  rivers.  It  is  the 
largest  of  the  grand  divisions  of  the  earth,  and  possesses  all 
the  varieties  of  soil,  climate,  and  productions  of  the  world. 

Q.  In  what  part  of  the  world  are  the  United  States  ? 

A.  In  North  America,  and  consist  of  a  union  of  several 
independent  provinces,  under  one  general  government. 


LESSON  IX. 

Q,.  "What  is  tea? 

A.  Tea  is  the  dried  leaves  of  a  shrub  which  grows  in 
China  and  Brazil. 

Q,  What  is  Coffee? 

A.  The  berry  of  a  shrub  which  grows  in  Arabia  and  the 
West  Indies. 

Q,.  What  is  wine  ? 

A.  The  fermented  juice  of  grapes,  which  grow  in  France, 
Spain,  and  Portugal. 

Q.  What  is  beer? 

A.  The  fermented  extract  of  barley,  boiled  with  hops. 

Q,.  What  is  cider? 

A.  A  drink  made  of  the  juice  of  apples. 

Q.  What  is  vinegar  ? 

A.  Sour  wine,  sour  cider,  or  sour  beer. 

Q.  What  is  salt? 

A.  Common  Salt  is  a  substance  used  for  seasoning  food, 
and  for  the  preservation  of  meat. 


22 


m 


mother's  catechism. 


23 


Q,.  What  is  pepper  ? 

A.  A  seed  which  grows  in  the  "West  Indies,  used  for  sea- 
soning food,  and  which  is  commonly  ground  into  powder  to 
prepare  it  for  use. 

Q,.  What  is  mustard  ? 

A.  The  seed  of  a  plant  of  the  same  name ;  when  pre- 
pared for  the  table,  it  is  ground  into  powder,  and  mixed 
with  water  or  vinegar. 

Q.  What  is  Butter? 

A.  Butter  is  made  of  cream,  by  churning » 

Q.  Of  what  is  cheese  made  ] 

A.  Cheese  is  made  of  the  curd  of  milk. 

Q.  What  is  sugar  ? 

A.  Sugar  is  prepared  from  the  sugar-cane,  a 
plant  that  flourishes  in  the  West  Indies,  and  in 
the  Southern  part  of  our  own  country.  When 
ripe,  the  cane  is  cut  down  and  carried  to  a  mill, 
where  the  juice  is  pressed  out  of  it.  This  juice 
is  then  boiled  till  it  becomes  sugar. 

Q.  How  is  molasses  made  1 

A.  Molasses  is  the  syrup  that  is  drained  from 
sugar  when  cooling.  CSUGAR  CANE'J 


LESSON  X. 


Q.  What  are  the  names  and  value  of  our  copper  money  ? 
A.  Cents  and  half  cents ;  two  half  cents  are  equal  to  one 
cent,  and  one  hundred  cents  are  equal  to  one  dollar. 
Q.  What  are  the  names  of  our  silver  money  1 
A.  Dollars,  half  dollars,  quarters,  dimes,  and  half  dimes. 
Q.  How  many  cents  make  a  dime  ? 
2 


24  mother's  catechism. 


A.  Ten ;   and  ten  dimes  make  a  dollar. 

Q.  Are  there  no  other  kinds  of  silver  money  used  here? 

A.  Yes,  many  ;  the  most  common  are  the  Spanish  twelve 
and  a  half  cent,  and  six  and  a  quarter  cent  pieces. 

Q.  What  are  the  names  and  value  of  our  gold  coins  ? 

A.  Double  eagles,  which  are  worth  twenty  dollars;  eagles, 
worth  ten  dollars ;  half  eagles,  worth  five  dollars ;  quarter 
eagles,  worth  two  dollars  and  a  half  j  and  a  small  gold  coin 
worth  one  dollar. 

Q.  "What  are  bank  notes? 

A.  Bank  notes  are  representations  of  money,  containing 
engagements  to  pay  in  gold  or  silver. 

Q.  What  is  the  value  of  a  bank  note  ? 

A.  Various,  according  to  the  sum  written  upon  it ;  some 
bank  notes  are  for  one  dollar,  some  for  jive  dollars,  some  for 
ten  dollars,  and  there  are  some  as  high  as  a  thousand  dollars. 

Q.  What  is  a  Saving's  Bank  ? 

A.  It  is  a  monied  establishment  for  the  benefit  of  those 
who  have  small  sums  of  money.  By  placing  sixteen  dollars 
here,  you  may,  at  the  close  of  the  year,  draw  out  seventeen. 


LESSON  XI. 

Q,.  How  mcuh  is  a  mile  1 

A.  One  thousand  seven  hundred  and  sixty  yards. 

Q.  How  much  is  a  yard  1 

A.  Three  feet,  or  thirty-six  inches. 

Q.  What  is  a  foot  ] 

A.  Twelve  inches. 

Q,.  What  is  an  inch  ? 

A.  Three  barley  corns. 


MOTHER'S    CATECHISM.  25 

Q.  How  many  miles  is  it  round  the  world? 

A.  Twenty-five  thousand  miles.     (25,000.) 

Q,.  How  many  miles  is  it  from  the  earth  to  the  moon  ? 

A.  From  the  earth  to  the  moon  it  is  two  hundred  and 
forty  thousand  miles.     (240,000  miles.) 

Q,.  How  many  miles  is  it  from  the  earth  to  the  sun  ? 

A.  About  ninety -five  millions  of  miles. 

Q.  What  is  a  million  ? 

A.  Ten  hundred  thousand.     (1,000,000.) 

Q,.  How  far  is  it  from  America  to  England  1 

A.  About  three  thousand  miles. 

Q,.  How  far  is  it  from  Washington  City,  the  Capital  of 
the  United  States,  to  the  West  Indies  1 

A.  About  two  thousand  miles. 

Q.  How  far  is  it  from  America  to  the  East  Indies. 

A.  About  ten  thousand  miles. 

Q.  How  far  is  it  from  London,  the  metropolis  of  Eng- 
land, to  Paris,  the  metropolis  of  France  % 

A.  About  two  hundred  and  fifty  miles. 

Q,.  How  far  is  it  from  America  to  Jerusalem  ? 

A.  About  five  thousand  miles. 


LESSON  XII. 

What  is  the  moon  1 

A.  It  is  a  globe  like  the  earth,  and  is  two  thousand  (2,000) 
miles  in  diameter. 

Q.   What  is  the  use  of  it  ? 

A.  It  seems  to  have  been  designed  by  the  all  wise  Crea- 
tor to  enlighten  our  earth  when  the  sun  is  set. 

Q.  What  are  stars  1 


26  MOTHER'S    CATECHISM. 

A.  A  few  moving  stars  are  vast  globes,  like  our  earth ; 
but  the  chief  part  of  them  are  fixed  suns,  like  our  sun,  which 
give  light  and  heat  to  other  distant  worlds. 

Q,.  What  are  clouds  1 

A.  The  clouds  are  fogs  or  vapors,  which  float  in  the  air 
from  a  quarter  of  a  mile  to  five  miles  high. 

Q.  What  is  rain  ] 

A.  When  clouds  become  too  heavy  to  float  in  the  air, 
they  fall  to  the  earth  in  small  drops,  which  is  rain. 

Q.  What  is  thunder  t 

A.  The  report,  and  the  echoes  of  the  report,  of  a  power 
called  electric. 

Q.  What  is  lightning? 

A.  The  flash  of  light  occasioned  by  the  same  power. 

Q.  What  is  a  rainbow  ? 

A.  The  reflection  of  the  sun's  rays  in  drops  of  rain. 

Q,.  What  is  a  fog  ? 

A.  A  cloud  which  floats  on  the  surface  of  the  earth. 

Q.  What  is  snow  and  hail  ? 

A.  Frozen  drops  of  rain  which  fall  to  the  earth. 

Q.  What  is  an  eclipse  of  the  moon  ? 

A.  The  shadow  of  the  earth  on  the  moon. 

Q.  What  is  an  eclipse  of  the  sun  ? 

A.  The  shadow  of  the  moon  on  the  earth. 

Q.  What  occasions  the  tides  1 

A.  The  motion  of  the  earth  in  connexion  with  the  mo- 
tions of  the  moon 


LESSON  XIII. 

Q,.  How  tall  are  most  men  and  women  ? 
A.  From  five  to  bix  feet. 


fe§^> 


28 


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mother's  catechism.  29 


Q,.  At  what  age  have  we  done  growing  1 

A.  Between  eighteen  and  twenty-one  years. 

Q.  What  is  the  middle  age  of  man's  life  ] 

A.  Between  thirty  and  fifty. 

Q,.  When  does  old  age  commence  1 

A.  At  different  periods,  according  as  we  live  temperately 
or  intemperately.  Drunkards  and  gross  eaters  become  old 
at  fifty,  while  persons  of  virtuous  and  temperate  habits  do 
not  become  old  at  sixty. 

Q.  What  is  the  greatest  age  of  man's  life  1 

A.  Only  one  in  a  thousand  attains  to  the  age  of  ninety- 
three  ;  only  one  in  ten  thousand  attains  to  one  hundred ; 
but  few  in  many  ages  have  lived  to  be  one  hundred  and  fifty. 

Q,.  How  long  is  it  since  this  world  was  created  1 

A.  Nearly  six  thousand  years. 

Q.  How  long  is  it  since  the  birth  of  our  Savior  Jesus 
Christ  ? 

A.  We  date  our  years  from  his  birth,  so  that  it  is  as 
many  years  since  as  the  date  of  the  present  year,  1849. 


LESSON  XIV. 

Q.  Who  discovered  America  1 

A.  Christopher  Columbus — a  native  of  Genoa,  but  at  that 
time  in  the  service  of  Spain. 

Q,.  In  what  year  did  he  discover  it  1 
A.  In  1492. 

Q,.  What  name  did  he  give  the  place  where  he  first  landed? 
A.  St.  Salvador. 

Q,.  Is  America  an  extensive  country  1 
A.  Yes ;  it  is  about  ten  thousand  miles  long,  and  two  thou- 

2* 


30  mother's  catechism. 

sand  broad,  containing  about  twenty  millions  of  square  miles, 
or  upwards  of  twelve  thousand  millions  of  square  acres. 

Q.  What  is  a  square  acre  ? 

A.  An  acre  is  a  piece  of  land  sixty-nine  and  a  half  yards 
long,  and  sixty-nine  and  a  half  broad— or  four  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  forty  square  yards. 

Q.  How  much  is  a  square  yard? 

A.  Three  feet  square,  or  three  feet  in  length  and  three 
feet  in  breadth. 

Q.  How  much  is  a  square  foot  ? 

A.  Twelve  inches  square,  or  twelve  inches  in  length  and 
twelve  inches  in  breadth. 


LESSON  XV. 

Q.  How  is  fire  commonly  produced  ? 

A.  By  striking  a  flint  against  a  piece  of  steel  a  bit  of  the 
steel  is  heated  red  hot,  which  falling  on  tinder,  sets  it  on  fire. 

Q.  How  is  this  made  use  of? 

A.  A  slip  of  wood,  dipped  in  sulphur,  called  a  match,  is 
then  applied  to  the  tinder,  and  the  sulphur,  catching  fire, 
sets  fire  to  the  slip  of  wood. 

Q.  Is  this  the  only  method  ? 

A  No ;  of  late  years  the  most  common  mode  is  by  means 
of  Friction  Matches,  which  being  rubbed  against  the  wall, 
or  a  piece  of  sand-paper,  immediately  take  fire. 

Q.  What  are  candles  made  of? 

A.  Of  a  cotton  wick  dipped  in  tallow,  which  is  the  pre- 
pared fat  of  animals. 

Q.  What  are  coals? 

A.  A  mineral  substance  dug  out  of  the  earth,  and  used  for 
fuel,  being  very  combustible. 


mother's  catechism. 


31 


Q.  What  are  houses  built  of? 

A.  Sometimes  of  wood ;  sometimes  of  brick,  mortar,  and 
wood ;  and  sometimes  of  stone,  mortar,  and  wood. 


[building  a  house.] 

Q.  What  do  houses  consist  of? 

A.  Of  walls,  built  chiefly  of  brick  or  stone  ;  and  of  floors, 
staircases,  doors,  and  window  frames,  built  of  wood. 

Q.  What  is  the  wood  chiefly  used  in  building  houses? 

A.  Pine,  which  is  sawed  or  cut  from  fir-trees,  which  grow 
in  almost  every  part  of  the  United  States. 

Q.  What  are  bricks? 

A.  Blocks  made  of  clay,  and  burnt  in  a  fire  called  a  kiln. 

Q.  What  is  mortar  ? 

A.  Mortar  is  the  cement  which  binds  the  bricks  or  stones 
together,  and  is  made  of  lime,  hair,  sand,  and  water. 

Q.  What  is  paint  for  ? 

A.  To  preserve  the  wood,  as  well  as  to  ornament  it. 

Q.  What  is  it  made  of? 

A.  Chiefly  of  colored  earths  mixed  with  oil. 

Q.  What  is  oil? 


S    CATECHISM 


A.  Oil  used  for  painting  is  extracted  from  whales  and 
other  fish,  linseed  and  other  seeds  :  but  sweet  or  sallad  oil 
is  extracted  from  olives  and  other  fruit. 

Q.  What  is  glass  ? 

A.  Glass  is  made  of  flint  and  soda  melted  together  in  a 
furnace,  and  formed  into  various  shapes  while  liquid. 


LESSON  XVI. 

Q.  What  is  the  form  of  government  of  the  United  States  1 

A.  Republican,  and  it  is  called  a  republic. 

Q.  What  is  a  republic  ? 

A.  A  government  in  which  the  sovereign  power  is  vested 
in  the  people. 

Q.  What  titles  are  given  to  the  chief  officers  ? 

A.  President  and  Vice-President,  and  they  are  elected 
by  the  people  once  in  four  years. 

Q.  Who  was  the  first  President  of  the  United  States  ? 

A.  George  Washington,  who  was  elected  two  terms,  and 
served  eight  years. 

Q.  When  did  his  eight  years  service  commence  and  end  ? 

A.  It  commenced  in  the  year  1789  and  ended  in  1797. 

Q.  Of  what  state  was  he  a  native  1 

A.  Of  Virginia. 

Q.  Who  was  the  second  President,  and  how  long  did  he 
serve  1 

A.  John  Adams,  of  Massachusetts.     He  served  one  term, 
commencing  in  1797,  and  ending  in  1801. 

Q.  Who  was  the  third  President,  and  how  long  did  he  serve? 

A.  Thomas  Jefferson,  of  Virginia.     He  served  two  terms 
commencing  in  1801,  and  ending  in  1809. 


mother's  catechism.  33 


Q.  Who  was  the  fourth  President,  and  how  long  did  he 
serve  ? 

A.  James  Madison,  of  Virginia.  He  served  two  terms, 
commencing  in  1809,   and  ending  in  1817. 

Q.  What  remarkable  event  took  place  during  his  first 
term  of  service? 

A.  War  was  declared  by  the  United  States  against  England. 

Q.  Who  was  the  fifth  President,  and  how  long  did  he  serve  ? 

A.  James  Monroe,  of  Virginia.  He  served  two  terms, 
commencing  in  1817,  and  ending  in  1825. 

Q.  Who  was  the  sixth  President,  and  how  long  did  he  serve? 

A.  John  Quincy  Adams,  of  Massachusetts,  (son  of  John 
Adams,  the  third  President.)  He  served  one  term,  com- 
mencing in  1825,  and  ending  in  1829. 

Q.  Who  was  the  seventh  President,  and  how  long  did  he 
serve? 

A.  Andrew  Jackson,  of  South  Carolina.  He  served  two 
terms,  commencing  in  1829,  and  ending  in  1837. 

Q.  Who  succeeded  him  as  eighth  President,  and  how  long 
did  he  serve  ? 

A.  Martin  Van  Buren,  of  New  York.  He  served  one 
term,  commencing  in  1837,  and  ending  in  1841. 

Q.  Who  succeeded  him  as  ninth  President,  and  how  long 
did  he  serve  ? 

A.  William  Henry  Harrison,  of  Virginia.  He  served  but 
one  month,  being  inaugurated  President  on  the  4th  day  of 
March,  1841,  and  dying  on  the  4th  day  of  April  following. 

Q.  Who  succeeded  him  as  tenth  President,  and  how  long 
did  he  serve  ? 

A.  John  Tyler,  of  Virginia,  who  was  elected  to  serve  as 
Vice  President  under  Harrison.  On  the  death  of  the  Pres- 
sident  he  succeeded  him,  serving  until  1845,  the  end  of  the 
term  for  which  Harrison  was  elected. 


34 


mother's  catechism. 


Q.  Who  succeeded  John  Tyler  as  eleventh  President,  and 
how  long  did  he  serve  ? 

A.  James  Knox  Polk,  of  Virginia.  He  served  one  terra, 
commencing  in  1845,  and  ending  in  1849. 

Q.  What  war  took  place  during  his  term  of  service  ? 

A.  War  with  Mexico,  in  almost  every  battle  of  which  the 
American  army  was  victorious. 

Q.  Who  succeeded  James  K.  Polk,  as  twelfch  President? 

A.  Zackary  Taylor,  of  Louisiana,  but  born  in  Virginia, 
who  was  inaugurated  on  the  4th  of  March,  1849. 


LESSON  XVII. 


[woolen  cloth.] 


[weaving.] 


[calico.] 


Q.  Of  what  is  the  cloth  of  men's  coats  made  ? 

A.  Of  wool,  the  hair  or  fur  which  grows  on  sheep.  This 
is  spun  into  yarn,  dyed  of  various  colors,  and  wove  into 
what  is  called  woolen  cloth,  by  the  weaver. 

Q.  Of  what  are  ladies'  dresses  made  ? 

A.  Of  woolen,  silk,  linen,  and  cotton  cloth  ;  but  principally 
of  two  kinds  of  cotton  cloth,  called  muslin  and  calico. 


MOTHER'S    CATECHISM.  35 

Q.  Of  what  is  linen  cloth  made  ? 

A.  Of  flax  and  hemp.  These  plants  are  cultivated  in  the 
fields,  and  being  gathered,  the  fibrous  bark,  or  skin,  of  the 
stalk  is  dressed,  spun,  and  wove  into  linen  cloth. 

Q.  What  is  silk? 

A.  Silk  is  made  from  the  web  of  the  silk-worm,  a  kind  of 
caterpillar  which  is  fed  on  the  leaves  of  the  mulberry-tree. 

Q.   What  is  cotton  ? 

A.  It  is  a  soft,  downy  substance, 
much  like  fine  wool,  growing  in  the 
seed-pods  of  a  shrub  called  the  cotton- 
plant,  which  flourishes  in  warm  cli- 
mates. 

Q.  Is  there  any  cotton  raised  in  this 
country  ? 

A.  Yes,  to  a  very  great  extent  in 
some  of  the  Southern  and  South-west- 
ern states. 

Q.  What  else  can  you  tell  me  about 

. .       a  [cotton  plant.] 

cotton  ?  L  J 

A.  Cotton  is  an  extremely  useful  and  important  article. 
It  is  manufactured  into  the  heaviest,  as  well  as  the  lightest 
goods,  and  furnishes  mankind  with  clothing  in  the  greatest 
abundance.  Its  cultivation,  transportation  and  manufacture, 
employs  more  ships  and  more  men  than  any  other  production. 

Q.   What  are  boots  and  shoes  made  of? 

A.  Principally  of  leather. 

Q.  What  is  leather  ? 

A.  The  tanned  and  prepared  skins  of  va- 
rious animals  ? 

Q.  What  is  paper  ? 

A.  Paper  is  made  of  cotton  and  linen  rags,  ground  in 
water  to  a  fine  pulp,  which  is  strained  through  a  fine  seive, 


36 


mother's  catechism. 


made  in  the  shape  of  a  cylinder,  from  which  it  passes  between 
other  cylinders,  which  press  and  dry  it,  and  then  it  is  cut 
into  sheets  of  the  proper  shape  and  size. 

Q.  What  are  men's  hats  made  of?  , 

A.  Of  the  fur  of  the  beaver,  muskrat, 
rabbit,  and  other  animals ;  and  also  of  6ilk 
and  fine  wool. 

Q.  What  are  ladies'  hats  made  of? 

A.  Generally  of  silk,  and  of  straw  baked, 
and  braided  or  plaited  by  hand. 

Q.  Of  what  kind  of  wood  are  tables  and 
chairs  made  ? 

A.  Some  tables  are  made  of  pine,  some  of 
oak,  and  some  of  mahogany.  Chairs  are  also 
made  of  mahogany,  and  of  black  walnut,  but 
most  commonly  of  maple. 

Q.  Where  is  mahogany  brought  from  ? 

A.  Chiefly  from  Jamaica  and  St.  Domingo.^ 


LESSON  XVIII. 


A.  How  many  different  kinds  of  metals  are  there  ? 

Q.  About  forty  :  but  the  principal  ones  are — gold,  silver, 
platina,  copper,  lead,  quicksilver  or  mercury,  tin,  and  iron. 

Q.  Where  are  metals  procured  ? 

A.  They  are  dug  out  of  the  earth,  mixed  with  other  sub- 
stances, and  in  that  state  are  called  Ores. 

Q.  Which  is  the  most  valuable  of  the  metals? 

A.  Gold ;  it  is  also  the  heaviest  except  platina. 

Q.  'What  are  some  of  the  uses  of  gold? 

A.  It  is  coined  into  money,  and  is  made  by  the  goldsmith 


j^S^/ZJ&I'MjbSI'aZIZz. 


37 


MOTHERS    CATECHISM.  39 

into  cups,  vases,  watch  cases,  rings,  chains,  and  many  other 
articles  of  ornament  and  use. 

Q.  In  what  parts  of  the  world  is  gold  found. 

A.  In  almost  every  part,  especially  in  warm  climates  ? 

Q.  Are  there  any  gold  mines  in  the  United  States  ? 

A.  Yes;  in  the  states  of  Georgia,  North  and  South  Caro- 
lina, Virginia,  and  particularly  in  the  territory  of  California. 

Q.  Where  is  this  territory  of  California  ? 

A.  California  was  formerly  a  province  of  Mexico,  and  is 
situated  on  the  western  side  of  North  America. 

Q.  What  is  the  use  of  silver,  and  where  is  it  found  ? 

A.  It  is  coined  into  money,  and  made  into  spoons,  urns, 
cups,  watch  cases,  and  many  other  articles.  It  is  also  used  for 
plating  copper.     Silver  is  found  in  all  quarters  of  the  world. 

Q.  What  is  platina,  and  where  is  it  found  1 

A.  Platina  is  a  white  metal,  like  silver,  and  is  found  chiefly 
in  St.  Domingo.     It  is  the  heaviest  of  all  metals. 

Q.  What  use  is  made  of  mercury,  or  quicksilver  ? 

A.  It  is  used  in  medicine  and  in  the  arts ;  also  in  refining 
gold,  and  in  silvering  the  backs  of  looking-glasses. 

Q.  What  can  you  tell  me  about  copper? 

A.  Copper  is  a  useful  metal,  of  a  reddish  color,  and  is 
easily  hammered  or  rolled  into  thin  sheets,  for  covering  the 
bottoms  of  ships,  and  the  roofs  of  buildings.  It  is  much  used 
for  cooking  utensils,  boilers,  and  plates  for  engravings.  Bel1 
metal  is  made  of  three  parts  copper  and  one  part  tin. 

Q.  Where  is  copper  found  ? 

A.  In  Sweden,  Saxony,  Great  Britain,  and  America. 

Q.  What  can  you  tell  me  about  lead  ? 

A.  Lead  is  a  metal  of  a  bluish  white  color,  very  heavy  and 
soft.  It  is  easily  melted,  and  is  used  for  gutters,  pipes,  cis- 
terns, and  reservoirs.     It  is  also  cast  into  bullets  and  shot. 

Q.  Where  is  lead  found? 


40 


MOTHERS    CATECHISM 


A.  Lead  abounds  in  Great  Britain,  France,  Germany,  and 
America.  The  lead  mines  of  Missouri  are  the  richest  in  the 
world ;  the  mines  being  extensive,  and  the  ore  very  pure. 

Q.  What  can  you  tell  me  about  iron  ? 

A.  Iron  is,  of  all  metals,  the  most  useful  and  most  abun- 
dant. It  is  found  in  all  parts  of  the  world.  Iron  ore  is 
made  into  wrought-iron,  cast-iron,  and  steel. 

Q.  Why  is  iron  the  most  useful  of  all  the  meals  ? 

A.  Because  its  uses  are  innumerable,  and  no  other  metal 
could  take  its  place :  without  iron,  neither  commerce,  agri- 
culture, mechanics,  nor  manufactures  could  nourish. 


[chains.] 


[blacksmith.] 


[LARGE  NAH.S.] 


Q.  Can  you  name  some  of  the  uses  of  iron? 

A.  Iron  is  cast  into  stoves,  cooking  utensils,  gas  and  water 
pipes,  cannon,  balls,  rails  for  rail-roads,  and  many  kinds  of 
machinery.  It  is  also  forged  by  the  blacksmith  into  chains, 
horse-shoes,  nails  and  spikes,  bolts,  tools,  and  the  various 
kinds  of  iron  articles  which  we  see  about  houses,  ships,  carts, 
carriages,  and  almost  every  work  of  civilized  man. 


MOTHER'S    CATECHISM.  41 

Q.  What  color  is  tin,  and  how  is  it  used  ? 

A.  It  is  a  silvery  white  metal,  and  a  very  useful  one.  What 
is  called  tin  ware,  is  made  of  thin  plates  of  iron  dipped  in 
melted  tin ;  these  are  wrought  into  pans,  kettles,  and  various 
utensils.     The  richest  tin  mines  in  the  world  are  in  England. 

Q.  What  is  the  color  of  zinc? 

A.  Its  color  is  a  brilliant  white,  with  a  shade  of  blue.  It 
is  a  metal  much  used  in  the  making  of  brass. 

Q.  What  is  brass  1 

A.  Brass  is  a  metal  made  by  mixing  copper  and  zinc. 

Q.  "What  is  pewter  ? 

A.  Pewter  is  a  metal  made  by  a  mixture  of  tin  and  lead. 


LESSON  XIX. 

Q.  What  was  the  condition  of  the  United  States,  when 
they  declared  themselves  independent  ? 

A.  They  were  colonies  of  Great  Britan,  and  were  ruled 
by  governors  appointed  by  the  king. 

Q,.  Who  was  king  of  England  when  the  colonies  rebelled? 

A.  George  the  Third,  grandfather  to  Alexandrina  Victo- 
ria, the  present  queen  of  England. 

Q.  How  many  states  were  there  in  the  Union  at  the  time 
they  declared  themselves  independent  of  Great  Britain. 

A.  Thirteen  : — New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts,  Rhode 
Island,  Connecticut,  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania, 
Delaware,  Maryland,  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Car- 
olina, and  Georgia. 

Q,.  How  many  states  are  there  at  the  present  time  ? 

A.  Twenty-nine ;  besides  extensive  territories. 

Q,.  What  are  the  names  of  these  states  and  territories  ? 


42  mother's  catechism. 

A.  The  states  are :  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Vermont, 
Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  New  York,  New 
Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland,  Virginia,  North 
Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Alabama,  Mississippi, 
Louisiana,  Arkansas,  Tennessee,  Kentucky,  Ohio,  Michigan, 
Indiana,  Illinois,  Missouri,  Florida,  Texas,  and  Iowa.  The 
territories  are  :  Wisconsin,  Oregon,  and  California;  to  these 
may  be  added,  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Q.  Which  are  the  principal  lakes  in  the  United  States  1 

A.  Superior,  Michigan,  Huron,  Erie,  Ontario,  and  Cham- 
plain. 

Q.  Which  are  the  principal  rivers  ? 

A.  Mississippi,  Missouri,  Columbia,  Hudson,  Delaware, 
Ohio,  Susquehanna,  Alleghany,  Illinois,  Miami,  Red  River, 
Tennessee,  Yellow  Stone,  Potomac,  Savannah,  and  Con- 
necticut. 

Q,.  Which  are  the  most  celebrated  falls  ? 

A.  Those  of  Niagara,  Passaic,  and  Missouri. 

Q.  Which  are  the  principal  mountains  ? 

A.  Alleghany,  White  Mountains,  Blue  Mountains,  Cats- 
kill,  Table  Mountains,  Green  Mountains,  Moose-Hillock, 
Otter-Peak,  and  Rocky  Mountains. 

Q,.  Which  are  the  principal  bays  ? 

A.  Chesapeake,  Delaware,  New  York,  Massachusetts, 
Narragansett,  Passamaquoddy,  Casco,  Mobile,  Pensacola, 
Apalachicola,  and  San  Francisco. 

.  Q.  Which  are  the  principal  islands  ? 

A.  Long  Island,  Martha's  Vineyard,  Nantucket,  Block 
Island,  Prudence,  Canonicut,  Gardner's,  Elizabeth  Isles, 
Staten  Island,  Mount  Desert,  Deer  and  Fox  Islands. 


43 


,&■■ 


STUDYING  GEOGRAPHY. 


?$3 


DESCRIPTION  OF  AMERICA. 


Tutor. — Give  a  description  of  America. 
Pupil. — America  is  the  most  extensive  of  the  four  quarters 
or  grand  divisions  of  the  earth,  and  embraces  almost  every 
variety  of  soil,  climate,  and  productions,  which  the  earth 
affords.  The  number,  size,  and  grandeur  of  its  moun- 
tains, lakes,  and  rivers,  far  excel  those  of  the  eastern  con- 
tinent. The  Atlantic  ocean  washes  it  on  the  east,  and  the 
Pacific  ocean  on  the  west,  and  it  is  divided  by  the  Isthmus 
of  Darien  into  North  and  South  America,  which,  with  the 
Isthmus,  form  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Near  this  Gulf  are  the 
West  India  Islands,  Cuba,  St.  Domingo,  &c. 

Tutor.—  What  is  the  Gulf  Stream? 

Child. — A  very  remarkable  current,  which,  issuing  from 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  runs  along  the  coast  of  the  United 
States,  and  terminates  near  the  shores  of  Iceland. 

Tutor. — How  is  the  continent  of  North  America  separated 
from  Asia  and  Greenland  ? 

Child. — From  Asia  by  Bhering's  Strait,  which,  in  the  nar- 
rowest part,  is  thirty-nine  miles  broad ;  and  it  is  separated 
from  Greenland  by  Davis'  Strait. 

Tutor. — What  name  is  given  to  the  southern  extremity  of 
South  America  ? 

Child. — Cape  Horn,  which  is  a  promontory  on  the  south 
coast  of  the  island  of  Terra  del  Fuego.  This  island  is  sepa- 
rated from  the  American  continent  by  the  Straits  of  Magel- 
lan, which  are  three  hundred  miles  long,  and  in  some  places 
not  more  than  three  miles  in  width. 
3 


46  MOTHER'S    CATECHISM 

Tutor. — In  what  year  was  America  first  discovered  ? 

Child. — In  the  year  1492,  by  Christopher  Columbus,  who 
landed  in  South  America.  North  America  was  more  par- 
ticularly discovered  by  Sebastian  Cabot,  in  the  year  1497. 
It  derived  its  name  from  Americus  Vespucii,  who,  following 
in  the  track  of  Columbus,  extended  his  discoveries  much 
farther  north,  and  by  giving  the  name  of  America  to  the 
countries  visited  by  him,  defrauded  Columbus  of  an  honor 
which  was  due  him  as  first  discoverer  of  the  continent. 

Tutor. — Who  founded  the  first  colony  in  North  America  ? 

Child. — Sir  Walter  Raleigh  planted  the  first  colony,  and 
called  it  Virginia.  Since  that  time  North  America  has  very 
rapidly  increased,  particularly  the  United  States. 

Tutor. — Give  a  description  of  the  United  States. 

Child. — The  United  States  consist  of  a  Union  of  twenty- 
nine  independent  States,  besides  extensive  territories,  and 
comprises  a  population  of  over  twenty  millions.  From  the 
year  1497  to  1776,  the  principal  part  of  the  country  compo- 
sing these  states  was  subject  to  Great  Britain  ;  but  in  conse- 
quence of  the  oppression  of  that  government,  was  forced  into 
a  rebellion,  which  terminated,  after  a  war  of  several  years, 
in  the  complete  independence  of  the  United  States.  Since 
that  time  they  have  increased  in  a  rapid  degree,  and  their 
territories  have  been  much  enlarged  by  extensive  cessions 
of  land  from  France,  Spain,  and  Mexico.  This  country  is 
now  considered  the  second  commercial  nation  in  the  world ; 
her  flag  is  seen  waving  from  her  ships  in  every  port. 

Tutor. — What  are  the  exports  of  the  United  States  ? 

Child. — Principally  cotton,  bread-stuffs,  tobacco,  indigo, 
sugar,  rice,  fish,  flax-seed,  beef,  pork,  butter,  cheese,  lard, 
pot  and  pearl  ashes,  cotton  goods,  lumber,  &c. 

Tutor. — What  are  the  distinguishing  characteristics  of  the 
government  of  this  country. 


47 


Child. — Its  simplicity  and  freedom.  The  maxim  that  "  all 
men  are  created  free  and  equal,"  is  made  the  basis  of  all 
their  institutions.  In  point  of  liberty,  equality,  the  benignity 
of  their  laws,  and  the  total  absence  of  any  thing  like  direct 
taxation,  the  United  States  are  far  before  any  other  nation. 

Tutor. — How  are  the  individual  states  governed  ? 

Child. — By  laws  of  their  own  making,  which,  however, 
must  accord  with  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 

Tutor. — What  is  the  general  government,  and  its  powers 
and  duties  ? 

Child. — The  general  government  consists  of  a  President, 
Vice-President,  two  houses  of  Congress,  and  the  officers  by 
them  appointed.  The  President  has  no  power  to  declare 
war,  nor  to  make  treaties,  except  in  conjunction  with  Con- 
gress ;  to  them  the  power  is  delegated  by  the  people,  to 
declare  war,  make  treaties,  levy  taxes,  regulate  commerce 
with  other  nations,  make  necessary  laws,  &c.  No  one  state 
is  at  liberty  to  go  to  war  with  another  state,  or  with  a  foreign 
power  ;   but  all  disputes  are  to  be  settled  by  Congress. 

Tutor. — What  is  the  Congress  of  the  United  States? 

Child. — It  consists  of  a  Senate  and  House  of  Representa- 
tives, and  assembles  at  Washington  at  least  once  a  year. 

Tutor. — How  are  the  members  of  Congress  elected1? 

Child. — The  House  of  Representatives  is  composed  of 
members  from  the  several  states,  elected  by  the  people ; 
each  state  sending  one  for  every  70,680  of  its  inhabitants. 
The  Senate  is  composed  of  two  members  from  every  state, 
who  are  elected  by  the  legislatures  of  the  several  states. 

Tutor. — How  is  the  President  elected  1 

Child. — By  electors,  chosen  by  the  people ;  each  state 
chooses  as  many  electors  as  equal  the  number  of  senators 
and  representatives  which  they  are  entitled  to  send  to  Con- 
gress.    These  electors  meet  in  their  respective  states,  and 


48  MOTHER'S    CATECHISM 


cast  their  votes  for  President  and  Vice-President.  The 
votes  are  then  sealed  up,  and  sent  to  Congress,  where  they 
are  all  counted,  and  the  persons  who  have  a  majority  of  all 
the  votes  for  these  two  offices,  are  declared  elected  President 
and  Vice-President  for  four  years. 

Tutor. — Are  the  governors  of  the  states  also  chosen  by 
electors  ? 

Child. — No  ;  they  are  chosen  by  the  peope, — and  in  most 
of  the  states  annually. 

Tutor. — What  is  the  religion  of  the  people  ? 

Child. — The  principal  part  of  them  profess  to  believe  the 
Christian  religion.  There  is  no  established  church  here, 
but  all  persons  are  at  liberty  to  worship  God  according  to 
the  dictates  of  their  own  consciences. 

Tutor. — Which  is  the  capital  of  the  United  States,  and 
what  can  you  tell  me  about  it  ? 

Child. — Washington,  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  is  the 
capital  of  the  United  States.  The  city  stands  on  the  east 
side  of  the  Potomac  river,  where  it  unites  with  the  eastern 
branch.  Here  the  government  has  erected  a  number  of 
splendid  buildings.  The  Capitol  is  a  noble  structure.  The 
President's  House,  the  Patent  Office,  the  General  Post 
Office,  and  the  Treasury,  are  also  fine  buildings. 

Tutor. — WThen  did  the  British  army  enter  Washington 
City,  and  what  excesses  did  they  commit  ? 

Child. — In  the  year  1814,  during  the  war  between  the 
United  States  and  Great  Britain,  the  Capitol,  President's 
house,  and  all  other  public  buildings,  except  the  Patent 
Office,  were  burnt  by  the  British  army  under  the  command 
of  general  Ross  and  admiral  Cockburn;  the  Public  Library 
and  Navy  Yard  shared  the  same  fate.  Even  the  monument 
at  the  Navy  Yard,  erected  in  honor  of  those  who  fell  at 
Tripoli,  was  considerably  injured. 


49 


.»*: 


iWT^«asi2S> 


RS 


u^«§^i» 


THE  HUMAN  BODY. 


The  human  body  is  that  visible  and  earthly  covering,  or 
dwelling-place,  which  God  has  given  to  the  soul  of  every 
man,  woman  and  child.  It  consists  of  a  great  number  of 
hard,  solid  bones,  of  different  shapes  and  sizes,  according  to 
the  different  parts  of  the  body  which  they  are  intended  to 
form.  These  are  curiously  fitted  together  with  joints,  (so  as 
to  enable  us  to  bend  our  limbs,  and  move  as  we  desire,)  and 
altogether  are  called  a  skeleton.  This  frame-work,  covered 
with  flesh  and  skin,  is  furnished  with  a  mind  or  spirit,  which 
enables  us  to  think,  and  by  which  we  are  guided  in  exer- 
cising those  powers  and  faculties  which  we  enjoy  in  common 
with  every  created  being,  so  long  as  we  are  blessed  with  that 
principle  of  life  which  God  bestowed  upon  us  at  our  birth. 
In  order  to  retain  this  principle  of  life,  or  to  live,  the  body 
is  supplied  with  a  very  wonderful  internal  machinery,  which, 
as  long  as  it  is  acted  upon  by  external  means,  keeps  us  alive. 
These  external  means  are  food  and  air,  and  their  exercise 
or  action  is  called  eating  and  breathing.  To  eat,  is  to  re- 
ceive food  by  the  mouth,  from  which  it  passes  down  the 
throat  to  the  stomach,  where  it  is  curiously  prepared  to 
strengthen  the  body  and  cause  it  to  grow,  by  assisting  in 
the  formation  of  a  fluid  called  blood.  To  breathe  is  to 
draw  in  air  through  a  hollow  tube  in  the  throat,  called  the 
wind-pipe.  The  air  passes  from  the  mouth  and  nostrils 
down  the  wind-pipe  into  the  lungs,  where  it  exerts  an  influ- 
ence, necessary  to  our  existence,  on  the  blood,  and  is  then 
returned  or  sent  out  from  the  lungs  the  same  way  by  which 
3* 


52  mother's  catechism. 

it  entered.  It  is  also  by  the  act  of  breathing,  or  respiration, 
as  it  is  called,  that  the  natural  warmth  of  the  body,  or  ani- 
mal heat,  is  maintained.  The  fluid  named  blood,  by  which 
our  frames  are  nourished  and  increased,  is  conveyed  through 
them  by  numberless  tubes  or  vessels,  called  arteries  and 
veins.  The  heart  is  the  chief  organ  by  which  this  action, 
called  circulation,  is  performed;  for  every  time  the  heart 
beats,  it  is  contracting  or  closing  together,  by  which  means 
the  blood  is  sent  out  through  the  arteries,  and  after  passing 
through  every  part  of  the  body,  is  returned  by  another  set 
of  vessels,  called  veins,  to  the  heart,  which  expands  or  opens 
to  receive  it.  This  circulation  takes  place  about  seventy 
times  in  every  minute,  or  every  time  the  heart  beats. 

When,  by  means  of  accident  or  disease,  God  takes  away 
from  us  the  principle  of  life,  the  heart  ceases  to  beat  and 
the1  blood  to  flow  ;  the  lungs  no  longer  receive  air ;  and  the 
body,  becoming  stiff  and  insensible,  is  said  to  be  dead. 

These  facts  constitute  but  a  part  of  the  wonders  that, 
whether  we  sit,  stand,  walk,  or  sleep,  are  constantly  going 
on  within  us,  and  by  means  of  which  the  whole  body  is  kept 
alive.  They  form,  however,  a  slight  sketch  of  the  most  im- 
portant ;  and  although  we  are  unable  to  watch  the  progress 
of  these  vital  functions  or  internal  means  of  life,  yet  we  are 
every  moment  sensible  of  their  action, — we  can  feel  our 
hearts  beat,  while  the  warm  blood  sends  health,  strength,  and 
joy  through  our  frames.  And  this  frame  or  body,  the  veil 
which  serves  to  conceal  so  many  wonders,  and  which  is  the 
habitation  of  an  immortal  soul,  is  in  itself  so  curious  and 
beautiful,  so  admirably  adapted  to  the  nature  of  the  various 
circumstances  with  which  it  has  pleased  God  to  surround  us 
in  this  world,  that  it  silently  invites  us  to  praise  and  adore 
Him  who  made  us,  and  in  whom  "  we  live,  and  move,  and 
bave  our  being." 


ACCIDENTS  AND  DANGEROUS  PRACTICES. 


[The  author  conceives  he  is  rendering  an  acceptable  servioe  to  parents  and 
children,  by  annexing  an  account  of  some  of  those  accidents  to  which  children, 
from  inexperience  or  heedlessness,  are  particularly  liable,  and  which  are  often 
the  occasion  of  deep  distress  to  whole  families.] 


CLIMBING  TREES. 

Many  little  boys  climb  trees,  to  show  their  skill,  activity, 
and  courage.  It  is  a  dangerous  practice,  for  they  often  lose 
their  hold,  or  a  limb  breaks,  and  down  they  come  upon  the 
hard  ground,  sadly  bruised,  if  not  killed.  Some  wicked  boys 
climb  trees  to  steal  fruit,  or  to  rob  bird's  nests,  and  a  severe 
fall  is  often  one  of  the  punishments  for  such  crimes. 


MOTHER'S    CATECHISM 


TUMBLING  DOWN  STAIRS. 

No  accidents  are  more  common,  or  more  alarming,  than  en- 
dangering life  or  limbs  by  a  tumble  down  stairs,  from  haste, 
want  of  care,  or  omitting  to  hold  on  to  the  bannisters. 


PLAYING  WITH  KNIVES. 

Knives  are  dangerous  play -things  for  little  children,  and 
so  are  scissors,  forks,  and  all  sharp  tools.  Bad  wounds  are 
often  the  consequence  of  playing  with  these  things,  and  some 
children  have  thus  lost  their  fingers,  and  even  their  lives. 


mother's  catechism 


TOSSED  BY  A  BULL. 

Bulls  are  t)ften  ferocious  and  terrible  creatures.  When 
enraged,  they  will  toss  and  gore  any  one  that  comes  within 
their  reach.  They  should  be  carefully  avoided  by  children, 
and  especially  should  never  be  teased  by  them. 


SCALDED  IN  A  KITCHEN. 

Beware  of  scalding  water.  Children  often  run  about  the 
kitchen  when  the  cook  is  busy, — or  play  with  the  tea-kettle 
or  the  tea-urn  in  the  parlor,  and  get  sadly  scalded. 


56 


MOTHER'S    CATECHISM. 


THROWING  STONES. 

Wicked  and  malicious  boys  often  throw  stones,  by  which 
they  not  only  bruise  one  another,  but  often  knock  out  an  eye, 
or  inflict  some  other  wound  by  which  the  poor  victim  may 
be  disfigured  for  life. 


FIGHTING. 

Wicked  boys  often  fight  like  dogs  and  other  brutes,  and 
sometimes  do  each  other  great  bodily  injury.  Such  conduct 
not  only  disgraces  them  in  the  eyes  of  all  good  men,  but  is 
highly  offensive  and  sinful  in  the  sight  of  God. 


MOTHERS    CATECHISM 


TUMBLING  OUT  OF  A  COACH. 


The  fastenings  of  coach  doors  are  not  to  be  depended 
upon,  and  children  should  never  lean  upon  or  against  them. 
If  not  securely  fastened,  the  door  flies  open,  they  fall  out, 
and  the  wheel  passing  over  them,  they  are  killed  on  the  spot. 


CLIMBING  ON  THE  BACK  OF  CHAIRS. 

Many  little  children  get  severely  hurt  by  climbing  on  the 
back  of  a  chair  in  which  a  person  is  sitting.  The  person 
gets  up,  and  the  chair  then  falls  back  on  the  poor  child,  who 
gets  sadly  hurt. 


58 


mother's  catechism. 


PLAYING  WITH  FIRE-ARMS. 

Children  should  never  play  with  a  gun  or  a  pistol,  and  on 
no  account  ever  point  one  at  another  person.  Here  we  see 
a  little  boy  shooting  his  sister  dead.  Such  accidents  too  often 
occur,  and  always  occasion  much  unavailing  misery. 


THROWN  FROM  A  HORSE. 

Sometimes  little  boys  lose  their  lives  by  mounting  a 
horse  without  leave.  Their  light  weight  encourages  the 
animal  to  frisk  and  gallop ;  and  the  terrified  child,  too  weak 
to  restrain  him,  falls  off,  and  is  dashed  against  the  ground,  or 
perhaps  kicked  to  death  by  the  horse. 


60 


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mother's  catechism 


PLAYING  WITH  FIRE. 


In  the  absence  of  their  parents,  thoughtless  children  often 
play  with  fire,  by  lighting  paper  and  other  things.  In  so 
doing,  the  house  or  their  clothes  take  fire,  and  dreadful 
suffering,  if  not  death,  is  often  the  consequence. 


CARELESSNESS  WITH  CANDLES. 

The  picture  shows  us  two  heedless  children  in  their  bed- 
room. One  of  them  has  set  her  hair  on  fire,  and  the  other 
the  bed-curtains,  and  both  are  in  great  danger  of  a  dreadful 
death.    Be  very  careful  in  carrying  lighted  candles. 


62 


MOTHER    S    CATECHISM 


KICKED  BY  A  HORSE. 


Horses  are  useful  but  very  dangerous  animals.  To  be 
kicked  by  them  is  almost  certain  death;  yet  little  children 
often  go  near  them,  and  perhaps  play  with  their  tails,  with- 
out being  sensible  of  any  danger  from  their  heels. 


TEASING  A  DOG. 

Many  children  delight  in  teasing  dogs,  especially  if  they 
find  one  securely  chained.  Sometimes  they  heedlessly  ven- 
ture within  reach  of  the  enraged  animals  and  get  dreadfully 
torn  and  mangled  by  them. 


mother's  catechism. 


63 


FALLING  FROM  A  WINDOW. 

Hundreds  of  heedless  children  are  killed  every  year,  by 
falling  out  of  windows.  They  lean  over,  lose  their  balance, 
and  are  dashed  headlong  upon  the  ground.  Children  can- 
not be  too  careful  when  they  are  looking  from  high  windows. 


DRINKING  FROM  A  HOT  TEA-POT. 

Little  children  who  can  just  reach  to  the  top  of  a  table, 
sometimes  endeavor  to  drink  from  the  spout  of  a  tea-pot, 
and  in  this  way  scald  their  mouths  and  throats,  and  die 
miserable  deaths  in  a  few  hours. 


SM. 


BATHING  IN  DEEP  WATER. 

Hundreds  of  poor  boys  are  drowned  every  year  by  ven- 
turing in  water  beyond  their  depth.  Little  children  should 
always  be  attended  by  those  who  can  help  them  if  necessary, 
whenever  they  go  to  bathe  in  deep  water. 


CRUSHED  BY  A  CART. 

Careless  children,  often  cross  the  streets  immediately  be 
fore  carts  and  carriages,  and  are  sometimes  knocked  down 
and  "an  over.  Children  should  never  cross  the  streets  until 
thej  are  quite  sure  no  carriages  or  carts  are  near. 


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■-*   ,    »  « 


• 


AMUSING    INSTRUCTIVE  AMD  ^^  . 

ENTERTAINING  TALES. 

BEAUTIFUL  JUVENILE  BOOKS, 

UNIFORM  WITH  THIS  WORK, 

a  ©airs®  sv  ^©ma©  irgiLLLiBo 


Stories  about  the  Elephant. 

Stories  about  Whale  Catching 

The  Mischievous  Boy  ;  Tricks  and  Troubles 

Two  Friends  ;  or  a  Visit  to  the  Sea-Side. 

The  History  of  a  Day. 

Simple  Stories  in  Simple  Rhyme.  t 

Buying  Experience. 

Tales  for  all  Seasons. 

Knowledge  for  Every  Child. 

The  Pleisiuat  Journey. 

A  Parent's  Offering. 

The  Shipwrecked  Orphans. 

The  Poetic  Garland. 

Sandford  and  Merton.     ^ew  Edition. 

The  Little  Keepsake  Story  Book. 

Life  and  Adventures  of  Robinson  Crusoe. 

The  Little  Dreamer. 

Hymns  for  Infant  Minds. 

Divine  and  Mor^il  Songs  for  Children. 

Parent's  Assistant ;  or  Mother's  Catechism. 


IV  E  W   TALES 
Constant  ft/  adding  to   the 
above. 


,  well 


1»I  flHAPEL  STREtT'  VI 


